Sorry but, comparing spaying and neutering a pet with debarking a dog is like comparing apples to oranges...
Spaying and neutering your pets, while there is some risk involved, there's more health benefits that come from it than not...
For female pets, there are numerous benefits to having them spaying. Just a few of them are: Decreased risks of mammary tumors. (When an ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is performed prior to the first heat period in a female dog, the risk of mammary cancer later in life is less than 1%. When OHE is performed between the first and second heat periods the risk is about 8% of mammary cancer later in life. Anytime after the second heat period the risk of mammary cancer in female dogs is about 25% less than it would be without having surgery)
Another benefit is a decreased risk of developing pyometria. In dogs uterine infections are a greater risk than in other species, due to the unusual way in which dogs have estrus cycles. The long interval between cycles with a closed cervix leads to severe infections developing with minimal clinical signs and so the condition often is life threatening at the time it is discovered.
For male pets there are also many health benefits to being altered, some of which are:
Reduction in benign prostrate hypertrophy (supported by studies).
Reduction in prostatic infections.
Elimination of testicular cancer.
Reduces the risk of perianal adenomas ( a tumor that occurs around the rectum in male dogs later in life).
So while exposing your pet to anesthesia has a risk, at least when it is done for the purpose of spaying and neutering, a greater good comes out of it. Over all, for the majority of pets, your pet will be healthier....
As far as debarking is concerned, your dog is still exposed to anesthesia, but, they won't be receiving any health benefits from it.
Debarking can actually cause problems later on down the road such as laryngenial scarring and respiratory problems.
If a dog is barking, normally there is a reason for it, and if people wanted to and took the time, most of the time they could find the root of that problem and work with their dog....just imagine having your only form of communication taken away from you...you no longer have a way to get people's attention or show that you are happy or excited...it's gone.
I'm a firm believer that not all "dog owners" were meant to own dogs, they just don't think about all the responsibility and things that come along with it before getting a dog and unfortunately, it's always the dog that pays the price...
I'm not trying to pass my moral judgment on anyone, simply share my opinion on it which I am entitled to and everyone else is entitled to theirs.
I personally feel it's wrong and it will NEVER happen to any of my dogs...
I feel like this thread is sort of going in circles so I guess I'll end my part of it here...