His article doesn't state that the coat colour itself is the cause of the problems, but that breeding for the coat colour is. My interpretation of that is this: the gene responsible for high amounts of white is close to the gene that regulates/triggers/is associated with the temperament problem and another one that is related to deafness. If those genes are all on the same chromosome, and close together, when you selectively breed for one of them, you end up getting whatever is on the other two, and if either one of the adjacent genes has a detrimental mutation, that mutation will be passed along as people continue to select for the white coat. The article states that dalmations have a strong founder's effect (i.e. all current dalmatians trace back to a very small number of dogs); it is logical to me that due to the (possible) close proximity to the "white" gene, that a detrimental mutation showing up on either of those adjacent genes in even one dog in the founding population would get carried through the population.
Not saying that IS what happened, but it could.