you do seem to know more about the USDA so I want your opinions (this is not a bashing attempt I am honistly inquiring)
do they have any requirements that stop the breeding of a certain line of dogs if a bad hereditary problem comes up?
do they have any temperment testing
what are their standards in regard to a breeding quality dog?
There are three seperate entities that inspect dog kennels of any size. State, USDA, and AKC (for 4 litters per year, even if co owned). The latter is checking for husbandry conditions but mainly recordkeeping practices.
The questions you're brought up are all ethical ones, and no, USDA has no bearing on this, although, of course, if they see an intact dog with a visible congenital or genetic defect, this is marked as a violation. I'd probably get a few violations myself, maybe even would have dogs confiscated because I have a 3 in ill health, including one old neutered male with spinal problems who walks like a cripple and two intact non breeding dogs who have a pronounced limp. One has a bad hunting injury to the leg, the other has spinal problems. That is a mark for violation. Anything in a USDA breeder's kennel that isn't the picture of health, will be written up and possibly confiscated. How many of us who don't even breed have old dogs or ones that aren't the easiest keepers and don't always look their best? If a breeder had one like that, they'd be facing confiscation. USDA inspects breeders with an iron fist.
As to dogs who produce health problems, most of the ones I know of are actually laying on the couch of a show breeder who home raises a handful of housepet dogs and breeds once every year or less. I can name dogs in the Top 5 of my breed who are notorious for producing conditions or are sired by well known dogs that pass on disc disease, epilepsy on a regular basis. Don't get me wrong, I don't lump all show breeders into this category and show myself, AND am endebted to show breeders in my breed for not just the advice, breeding stock, but the invaluable moral support they've given me. This isn't a jab @ show breeders. But the fact is that they are not innocent in sometimes knowingly breeding dogs who produce serious problems. You can't call unhealthy purebreds a commercial breeder problem. It's an ethics problem. I know breeders who breed for the pet market and their dogs are much higher quality than you'd think. In fact, I know many pet breeders placing more emphasis on helth/temperament because this is their livliehood - they want customers to be happy. They would not be breeding sick dogs or ones that produced problems that might tarnish their reputation or cause problems for them down the road. Sick, ill, poorly kept dogs do not breed well. Any smart commercial breeder keeps his dogs physically and mentally happy. Let me tell you, the slightest things prevent a bitch from coming in heat, so were these dogs really mistreated ... no pups. I had a GSD from a pet store that you'd never believe came from one. I had offers to buy her from serious working people, she had worked with sheep and was "too intense", and was a natural protection dog. If I ever get another GSD, I am looking up her USDA licensed breeder and begging him to sell me one of his pups.
As for health testing breeding stock, I believe OFA and the like is a farce. That being said, I do sometimes use them if I suspect a problem and have utilized both OFA and DNA testing on a dog who came from a bloodline that produced MLS. On that note, MLS is a non issue in field/commercially bred lines. It is a show breeder problem. Anyhow, no, I don't believe OFA is of much value. Most genetic defects show some sign or can be diagnosed by a competent Vet. As for me, I have culled dogs on suspicion of problems and have even diagnosed murmurs with my bare hands. Where was the need for OFA? My pups are incredably healthy, hardy, genetically sound. If OFA or similar screenings actually worked, mitrial valve disease could have been bred out of Cavaliers, GSDs would not be plagued by HD after having been OFA tested for some 40 years now, etc. I think DNA tests are more valuable as they identify carriers and prevent affecteds from cropping up. Genetic disease is not so simple as breeding two unaffected dogs and expecting a litter of unaffected pups. Polygenetic issues are the bane of any breeder's existance and occur in the best of bloodlines. There are no tests for polygenetic problems, however, so OFA'ing just means your dog is not affected, which amounts to little in a long term breeding program. It's the recessives and polygenetics that kill a breeding program, and the best breeders have dogs that produce problems. No one is calling for their dogs to be inspected, tho.
Another thing - my breed, field and show, is, for the most part, untested. We have most show breeders utilizing MLS DNA tests, but different than OFA. Yet, save for two problems (disc disease, epilepsy) that have no screening test anyway, Beagles remain healthy and hardy. It's a bad joke, but I always say the atomic bomb could go off, and there would be roaches and Beagles, they are that tough and hardy. Yet little to no OFA testing in my bloodlines and breeding stock.
On that note, what would you base as a standard for a breeding quality dog? This is so subjective it can vary drastically even among two breeders who are both breeding for the show ring but have dramatically different interpretations of the standard and different taste in looks. With working dogs, the structure and function of the dog can vary from kennel to kennel. In my breed a good field breeder will be breeding for the country their hounds run in, so my quality is another's junk and vice versa. I hardly think show standards alone make a quality dog, the best producer I own will never set foot in the show ring, nor will she be trialed again. She's not titled or OFA'd. She's my own interpretation of quality in the breed. What if my inspector thought she didn't fit the Standard well enough for his taste? Should I cull her? Another breeder I know breeding for dual purpose as well is keeping back dogs I'd cull, and culling dogs I'd KILL for
