Crate Training for people who work

If she is panicking for 45 minutes from just being in there with the door closed, it's not going to get better without a LOT of work and going slow - at the dog's pace. Letting her scream it out for 45 minutes won't help her learn to be comfortable in the crate - it will just make her feel worse and worse about the crate. Letting puppies cry it out works when they're a little bit upset (usually about not getting their way) - it doesn't work if they're panicked. It's pretty easy, in my experience, to tell which one it is. Dogs that are upset but not panicked usually start being quiet for short periods within a few minutes, and are usually totally settled down after 10-15 minutes.

Try a different method of confining her, behind a baby gate is probably the best bet for a young lab. I like baby gates better than closing them behind a door because it seems to help the dogs feel less claustrophobic because they can still see out (especially for a small room like a bathroom).

I potty trained my youngest dog using an x-pen and pee-pads just fine, she's been reliable inside since she was 6 months, and my crate-adverse dog is also reliably potty trained. The crate-adverse dog took a bit longer, but the problem was that she couldn't physically hold it all day when not crated, rather than not knowing where to potty. After coming home one day to find her head suck between two sides of the crate after she partially folded the crate in on herself in an attempt to escape, crating wasn't an option - I'd rather clean up some pee than come home to an injured (or dead) dog. Once she grew an adult-sized bladder she stopped having accidents.

As long as you are consistent, prevent as many accidents as possible, and praise/reward when they do potty outside, it's not an issue for most dogs. (Knowing a couple of people who are skilled, professional dog trainers who got puppies who pottied in their crates, I also suspect that a lot of dogs who have problems potty training would've had issues regardless of what method the owner used). Long story short, I wouldn't worry too much about potty training trouble as long as you're consistent when you're home.

I wish I had more practical advice to give. Good luck.

We started with a crate, but one day our pup just simply refused to go into it at night and looked at us pleadingly. We let it go and did not use it again, but we did go with a baby gate so she is confined to our kitchen area. So far that has been absolutely perfect (as long as we keep food off the counters).
We started with a baby gate that you had to completely remove to go through, and we would just step over it, but that was a nuisance and not safe for my older parents.
We ended up getting this gate and it is awesome:
Safety 1st Auto Close Walk Thru Gate https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/B072BMG7W6
What we like about it is that it is walk-through (like a door within the gate), it auto-closes so you can open it and just let it swing shut behind you, and with the little stopper things at the bottom of the door you can also have it stay in an open position.
We started using it all the time, now we have it held open when we are home (and let the dog roam the house), only really shutting it when she is alone.
Funny thing is that the gate is only 2 or 2 1/2 feet tall. Lila jumps over 3 foot obstacles routinely outside but still respects that gate.
So far.

D